{"id":91703,"date":"2023-01-30T22:00:54","date_gmt":"2023-01-30T20:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/factorialhr.com\/blog\/?p=91703"},"modified":"2023-01-30T22:01:43","modified_gmt":"2023-01-30T20:01:43","slug":"pregnant-workers-fairness-act","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/preproduction.factorialhr.com\/blog\/pregnant-workers-fairness-act\/","title":{"rendered":"Pregnant Workers Fairness Act: Employer guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On December 22, 2022, President Joe Biden signed the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act (PWFA), <strong>a law that gives reasonable accommodation to pregnant and postpartum workers.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For many, especially those working in low-wage and physically demanding positions, it&#8217;s long overdue. Much like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA),<strong> this act provides job security for workers and provides them with protection while participating in certain activities.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this article, we\u2019ll look at some of the specifics as to who the PWFA applies to when it goes into effect, and what the PWFA covers explicitly. Then, we\u2019ll share more info about employee rights under this act, information about existing <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/factorialhr.com\/blog\/usa-federal-employment-laws\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">federal employment laws<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> affecting pregnant workers, and tips for HR and employers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/factorialhr.com\/templates\/2023-hr-compliance-calendar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-89104 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/factorialhr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/22155111\/compliance-cal-freebie.jpg\" alt=\"hr compliance calendar\" width=\"525\" height=\"526\" srcset=\"https:\/\/preproduction.factorialhr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/22155111\/compliance-cal-freebie.jpg 525w, https:\/\/preproduction.factorialhr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/22155111\/compliance-cal-freebie-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/preproduction.factorialhr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/22155111\/compliance-cal-freebie-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/preproduction.factorialhr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/22155111\/compliance-cal-freebie-160x160.jpg 160w, https:\/\/preproduction.factorialhr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/22155111\/compliance-cal-freebie-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"js-toc toc\">\n<p class=\"js-toc-title toc__title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<nav id=\"fac_toc_nav\" class=\"js-toc-nav toc__nav\" aria-label=\"Table of Contents\"><ol class=\"toc__list toc__list--level-1\"><li class=\"toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"toc__link toc-link-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/preproduction.factorialhr.com\/blog\/pregnant-workers-fairness-act\/#what-is-the-pregnant-workers-fairness-act\" title=\"What is The Pregnant Workers Fairness Act?\" data-target-id=\"what-is-the-pregnant-workers-fairness-act\">What is The Pregnant Workers Fairness Act?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"toc__link toc-link-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/preproduction.factorialhr.com\/blog\/pregnant-workers-fairness-act\/#what-pwfa-covers\" title=\"What PWFA covers\" data-target-id=\"what-pwfa-covers\">What PWFA covers<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"toc__link toc-link-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/preproduction.factorialhr.com\/blog\/pregnant-workers-fairness-act\/#employee-rights-under-the-pregnant-workers-fairness-act\" title=\"Employee rights under The Pregnant Workers Fairness Act\" data-target-id=\"employee-rights-under-the-pregnant-workers-fairness-act\">Employee rights under The Pregnant Workers Fairness Act<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"toc__link toc-link-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/preproduction.factorialhr.com\/blog\/pregnant-workers-fairness-act\/#existing-federal-law-for-pregnant-workers\" title=\"Existing federal law for pregnant workers\" data-target-id=\"existing-federal-law-for-pregnant-workers\">Existing federal law for pregnant workers<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"toc__link toc-link-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/preproduction.factorialhr.com\/blog\/pregnant-workers-fairness-act\/#tips-for-hr-and-employers\" title=\"Tips for HR and employers\" data-target-id=\"tips-for-hr-and-employers\">Tips for HR and employers<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is The Pregnant Workers Fairness Act?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/117th-congress\/house-bill\/1065\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Congress.gov website,<\/a> The Pregnant Workers Fairness Act \u201c prohibits employment practices that discriminate against making reasonable accommodations for qualified employees affected by a pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Pregnant Workers Fairness Act officially goes into effect on June 27, 2023, and applies to pregnant workers in the United States and those who have recently given birth. Under this law, <strong>workers are guaranteed the right to \u201creasonable work accommodations\u201d during the term of their pregnancy and postpartum.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once this law takes effect, employers with more than 15 employees will be required to provide the necessary accommodations for existing and potential employees. The only exception to this is when the working limitations and accommodations present an \u201cundue hardship\u201d for employers.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What PWFA covers<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Who does the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act apply to?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>The Pregnant Workers Fairness Act protects individuals who work for the government or those who work for private companies with more than 15 employees.<\/strong> Protection extends to full-time, part-time, temporary, and seasonal employees.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the PWFA, workers must receive accommodation for known limitations related to their condition. In order to qualify for protection, employees should comply with the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They are unable to complete their jobs\u2019 functions for a temporary period of time.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They will be able to perform these functions in the near future<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The employer can provide reasonable accommodation for these tasks<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What are the specific requirements for employers under PWFA?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Pregnant Workers Fairness requires employers to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Make accommodations for pregnant or postpartum employees<\/strong> with known limitations. Unless these limitations \u201cimpose an undue hardship\u201d on the employer. For example, if a worker requires a less physically demanding and lighter role, and the employer lacks the economic means to make this possible.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Agree with employees about accommodations through an \u201cinteractive process\u201d<\/strong>. This means that employers should communicate with employees about their needs and come to an agreement. This can be done through email, phone, or in person.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Provide fair employment opportunities for pregnant and postpartum individuals.<\/strong> Employers cannot deny certain opportunities to individuals under the premise that they are pregnant or have recently given birth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Not require employees to take leave or accept alternative accommodations<\/strong> unless there are no other reasonable accommodations. For example, employers cannot request that an employee works reduced hours or takes a lighter workload if it is not what they agreed to.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Provide the same employment practices, privileges, and conditions for employees who request accommodations.<\/strong> Employers may not take any sort of adverse action or discriminate against employees because of their requests.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What does \u201cReasonable Accommodations\u201d mean in the PWFA?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/agencies\/odep\/program-areas\/employers\/accommodations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">US Department of Labor (DOL),<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a \u201creasonable accommodation\u201d is<strong> a<\/strong><\/span><strong> modification or adjustment to a job, the work environment, or the way things are usually done during the hiring process.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here are a few examples of what a reasonable accommodation might look like for pregnant workers:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assistance for physically demanding tasks, such as moving heavy objects.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temporary change in working spaces or assignments<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Allowing pregnant workers to telecommute<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additional break time for workers to rest, eat or use the bathroom<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adjustments to working hours to accommodate physical conditions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Allowing pregnant workers to sit or use different chairs than those normally provided<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Making adjustments to uniforms and dress requirements for pregnant workers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Employee rights under The Pregnant Workers Fairness Act<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Pregnant Workers Fairness Act is a major step in combating pregnancy discrimination in the workplace. Previously, pregnant women were only provided with the same level of protection through the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). However, ADA legal protection only extended to workers who were dealing with pregnancy-related disabilities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the preexisting legal framework, many women were forced to decide between their physical safety and their job. This act provides millions of people the <strong>right to keep their position<\/strong>, t<strong>emporarily remove themselves from harm,<\/strong> <strong>and<\/strong> <strong>not face negative consequences and discrimination as a result.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Existing federal law for pregnant workers<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/pregnancy-discrimination#:~:text=While%20pregnancy%20itself%20is%20not,for%20the%20pregnancy%2Drelated%20disability.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> currently enforces two sets of federal laws that provide certain protections for pregnant employees and job applicants. One is the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the other is Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended by the Pregnancy Discrimination Act.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This law prohibits employers from practicing discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. <strong>Under this law, pregnancy discrimination is considered to be a form of sex discrimination.<\/strong> Specifically, Title VII protects workers from facing workplace discrimination based on the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Current pregnancy<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Past pregnancy<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Potential pregnancy<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Medical conditions that stem from pregnancy (such as breastfeeding and lactation)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Having an abortion or choosing to have an abortion<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Birth control<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/factorialhr.com\/templates\/2023-hr-compliance-calendar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-89104 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/factorialhr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/22155111\/compliance-cal-freebie.jpg\" alt=\"hr compliance calendar\" width=\"525\" height=\"526\" srcset=\"https:\/\/preproduction.factorialhr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/22155111\/compliance-cal-freebie.jpg 525w, https:\/\/preproduction.factorialhr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/22155111\/compliance-cal-freebie-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/preproduction.factorialhr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/22155111\/compliance-cal-freebie-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/preproduction.factorialhr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/22155111\/compliance-cal-freebie-160x160.jpg 160w, https:\/\/preproduction.factorialhr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/22155111\/compliance-cal-freebie-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) <strong>protects workers with pregnancy-related disabilities, such as diabetes due to pregnancy.<\/strong> While pregnancy itself is not a disability under the ADA, the law requires employers to provide workers with reasonable accommodations for certain impairments that they face due to pregnancy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the Family and Medical Leave Act, <strong>workers can take up to twelve weeks of unpaid <\/strong><\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/factorialhr.com\/blog\/maternity-leave-laws\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">maternity leave<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> during pregnancy or after giving birth.<\/strong> According to the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/agencies\/whd\/fmla\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">US Department of Labor,<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> workers can use their 12 weeks of FMLA leave for the following purposes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giving birth<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prenatal care<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Incapacity related to pregnancy<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For serious health conditions following pregnancy<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additionally, the worker\u2019s spouse qualifies for up to 12 weeks of unpaid <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/factorialhr.com\/blog\/parental-leave\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">parental leave<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for the birth of their child and to care for their spouse during pregnancy or after giving birth.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Break Time for Nursing Mothers Act<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the Break Time for Nursing Mothers Act under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), <strong>employers must provide adequate conditions for nursing working mothers.<\/strong> For the first year after giving birth, workers are entitled to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Longer break times to express breast milk<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The right to express breast milk when they feel its necessary<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A designated place for lactation. This cannot be the bathroom and workers must be provided with privacy from their coworkers and the public.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Note that FSLA does not require employers to provide compensation for additional break time. However, certain state breastfeeding laws might say otherwise.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PUMP for Nursing Mothers Act<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On December 29th, 2022, President Biden signed into effect The Providing Urgent Maternal Protections (PUMP) Act, which <strong>clarifies and adds to the Break Time for Nursing Mothers Act.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provides break time for an additional <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usbreastfeeding.org\/pump-act.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">9 million women<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> who would otherwise be excluded due to conflicting overtime laws.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provides workers with legal grounds to file lawsuits immediately if their employer refuses to comply with nursing laws.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clarifies that workers should receive payment during break times unless they are completely relieved from all working duties.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the PUMP act, employers with more than 50 employees must give employees break time and an adequate location for pumping breast milk for their child one year after giving birth. However, businesses that are smaller than 50 employees and can show that designating a room for lactation would present an \u201cundue hardship\u201d might be exempt from this law.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tips for HR and employers<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>For HR, staying on top of changing federal laws can be tough. Here are some tips to help you stay compliant and provide the best workplace environment for pregnant and postpartuum employees:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Provide employees with accurate information about rights during<\/strong> and after pregnancy. Make it clear that your company will make modifications to their role and accommodate them as best as possible.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Look out for changes to key metrics and signs of discrimination<\/strong> in your <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/factorialhr.com\/blog\/dei-dashboard\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DEI Dashboard.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This might include a drop in engagement and job satisfaction for affected employees. Make employees aware of your company\u2019s zero-tolerance policy and take disciplinary actions in case of infringement.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>In addition to Federal Laws, there are state and local laws regarding pregnancy,<\/strong> nursing, and leave that you might be subject to. Be sure to keep up to date with an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/factorialhr.com\/templates\/2023-hr-compliance-calendar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HR compliance calendar<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to make sure that you don\u2019t miss anything.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Aim to support your team and go beyond what the federal and state laws dictate.<\/strong> Pregnancy has long been a leading cause of gender inequality in the workplace, and no current federal laws provide employees with paid time off for childbirth. Consider provisions for this and flexible working options for new parents. Your team will be appreciative and more likely to stand committed to your company\u2019s values.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On December 22, 2022, President Joe Biden signed the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act (PWFA), a law that gives reasonable accommodation to pregnant and postpartum workers.\u00a0 For many, especially those working in low-wage and physically demanding positions, it&#8217;s long overdue. Much like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), this act provides job security for workers and<a href=\"https:\/\/preproduction.factorialhr.com\/blog\/pregnant-workers-fairness-act\/\" class=\"read-more\"> [&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":155,"featured_media":91704,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[146],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-91703","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal-hr"],"acf":{"topics":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.5 (Yoast SEO v21.9.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Pregnant Workers Fairness Act: Employer guide | Factorial<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Pregnant Workers Fairness Act: Who it applies to, when the PWFA goes into effect, what employers and HR need to 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